Diets of Swift Foxes (vulpes Velox) in Continuous and Fragmented Prairie in Northwestern Texas

نویسندگان

  • JAN F. KAMLER
  • WARREN B. BALLARD
  • MARK C. WALLACE
  • PHILIP S. GIPSON
چکیده

Distribution of the swift fox (Vulpes velox) has declined dramatically since the 1800s, and suggested causes of this decline are habitat fragmentation and transformation due to agricultural expansion. However, impacts of fragmentation and human-altered habitats on swift foxes still are not well understood. To better understand what effects these factors have on diets of swift foxes, scats were collected in northwestern Texas at two study sites, one of continuous native prairie and one representing fragmented native prairie interspersed with agricultural and fields in the Conservation Reserve Program. Leporids, a potential food source, were surveyed seasonally on both sites. Diets of swift foxes differed between sites; insects were consumed more on continuous prairie, whereas mammals, birds, and crops were consumed more on fragmented prairie. Size of populations of leporids were 2–3 times higher on fragmented prairie, and swift foxes responded by consuming more leporids on fragmented (11.1% frequency occurrence) than continuous (3.8%) prairie. Dietary diversity was greater on fragmented prairie during both years of the study. Differences in diets between sites suggested that the swift fox is an adaptable and opportunistic feeder, able to exploit a variety of food resources, probably in relation to availability of food. We suggest that compared to continuous native prairie, fragmented prairie can offer swift foxes a more diverse prey base, at least within the mosaic of native prairie, agricultural, and fields that are in the Conservation Reserve Program. RESUMEN—La distribución de la zorra de la pradera (Vulpes velox) ha disminuido dramáticamente desde los años 1800 y la transformación y fragmentación de su hábitat por la expansión agrı́cola han sido sugeridas como algunas de las causas. Sin embargo, los impactos de la fragmentación y transformación antropogénica del hábitat de la zorra de la pradera todavı́a no son bien comprendidos. Para entender mejor que efecto tienen estos factores en la dieta de la zorra de la pradera, se colectaron excretas en el noroeste de Texas en dos áreas de estudio, una de pradera nativa continua, y otra de pradera nativa fragmentada por campos agrı́colas y campos bajo el Conservacion Reserve Program. Se evaluó el número de lagomorfos en ambas áreas en cada estación del año por ser una fuente potencial de alimento. La dieta de las zorras de la pradera fue diferente entre áreas: en la pradera continua se consumieron más insectos, mientras que en la pradera fragmentada se consumieron más mamı́feros, aves, y cultivos. El número de lagomorfos fue de dos a tres veces mayor en la pradera fragmentada y consecuentemente las zorras de la pradera consumieron más lagomorfos en la pradera fragmentada (frecuencia de ocurrencia de 11.1%) que en la pradera continua (3.8%). La diversidad de la dieta fue mayor en la pradera fragmentada durante los dos años del estudio. Las diferencias en la dieta sugieren que la zorra de la pradera es adaptable y se alimenta de manera oportunista, pudiendo explotar una gran variedad de recursos alimenticios probablemente en relación a su abundancia. Consideramos que la pradera fragmentada puede ofrecer una mayor diversidad de presas que la pradera nativa, al menos cuando se trata de un mosaico de pradera nativa, campos agrı́colas y del Conservation Reserve Program. THE SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST 52(4):504–510 DECEMBER 2007

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تاریخ انتشار 2007